Study on Dynamism and Habitat Suitability Modeling of Entomobryomorpha (Hexapoda: Collembola) in three Different Ecosystems in Kermanshah Province

Document Type : Research Paper

Author

Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Kermanshah branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran

Abstract

Collembola along with mites are dominating in soils. In this research, the population of Entomobryomorpha was evaluated in three different ecosystems; field crop, oak forest and grassland in three cities (Eslamabad-e- Gharb, Paveh and Sare pol-e-zahab). Sampling was done every month from June 2016 to May 2018. In each site, ten soil samples were taken from a surface area of 100 cm2 with depth of 13 cm. Then, the population of collembolan was counted to species level.Temperature and moisture content of soil samples were also evaluated simultaneously. The relationship between presence/absence of species and habitat conditions was compared using logistic regression based on temperature and humidity.Totally, 16 species were identified that oak forest had higher species (average 79.2%) than other ecosystems in three different cities. The highest frequency percentage of springtails was in oak forest in Eslamabad-e- Gharb and Sare pol-e-zahab (60.77% and 69.22% respectively) and in Paveh, grassland had a higher frequency than field crop and oak forest (49.19 %). The results of monthly counting and habitat suitability modeling showed that the abundance population of the most species was occurred in November to May. Most Species frequency was correlated with soil moisture but it had an inverse relationship with soil temperature. However, some species such as Seira sp was presented in low humidity (6% in field crop and 8% in grassland) and high temperature (35 to 40 ċ). It indicates that not only soil temperature and soil moisture affect population size of soil arthropods but also other environmental factors might be effective in it.

Keywords


  1. کهراریان، م.، وفایی شوشتری، ر و سلیمان‌نژادیان، الف. 1396. بررسی تنوع زیستی پادمان (Hexapoda: Collembola) در سه اکوسیستم مختلف در استان کرمانشاه (ایران). گیاه‌پزشکی (مجله علمی کشاورزی). (3)40، 39–52.
  2. Alvares, T., Frampton, G.K.. and Goulson, D. 1997. Population dynamics of epigeic Collembola in arable fields; the importance of hedgerow proximity and crop type. Pedobiologia 41:110–114.
  3. Arbea, J. I. and Kahrarian, M. 2015. Two new species and new data of Isotomidae Schaeffer, 1896 (Collembola: Entomobryomorpha) from Iran. Arquivos Ntomoloxicos 14:71–88.
  4. Cassagne, N., Gers, C. and Gauquelin, T. 2003. Relationships between Collembola, soil chemistry and humus types in forest stands (France). Biology and Fertility of Soils 37:355–361.
  5. Choi, W.I, Ryoo, M.I. and Kim, J. 2002. Biology of Paronychiurus kimi (Collembola: Onychiuridae) under the influences of temperature, humidity and nutrition. Pedobiologia 46:548–557.
  6. Choi, W.I., Moorhead, D.L., Neher, D.A. and Ryoo, M. I. 2006. A modeling study of soil temperature and moisture effects on population dynamics of Paronychiurus kimi (Collembola: Onychiuridae). Biology and Fertility of Soils 43: 69–75.
  7. Fjellberg, A. 1998. The Collembola of Fennoscandia and Denmark: Poduromorpha. BRILL, Leiden, Boston, Koln.
  8. Ilyas, M. and Parwez, H. 2011.  Effect of Agricultural practices on the population of Collembola. The Bioscan 6(2):191–194.
  9. Jordana, R. (1997) Collembola: Poduromorpha. CSIC Press.
  10. Kahrarian, M. and Arbea, J.I. 2013. Preliminary Isotomidae fauna (Collembola: Entomobryomorpha) in Kermanshah areas, Western Iran. Journal of entomological Research 37(1):91–94.
  11. Kahrarian, M., Vafaei-Shoushtari, R., Skarzynski, D., Konikiewicz, M., Soleymannezhadyan, E., Shayanmehr, M. and Shams. B. 2013. A new species and new records of the genus Hypogastrura Bourlet,1839 (Collembola, Hypogastruridae) from Iran. Zootaxa, 3709(1): 089–094.
  12. Kanal, A. 2004. Effect of Fertilisation and edaphic properties on Soil- associated Collembola in crop rotation. Agronomy Research 2(2):153-168.
  13. Ke, X., Yang, Y.M., Yin, W.Y. and Xue, L.Z. 2004. Effects of low pH environment on the collembolan Onychiurus yaodai. Pedobiologia 48:545–550.
  14. Larsen, T., Schönning, P. and Axelsen, J. 2004. The impact of soil compaction on eudaphic Collembola. Applied Soil Ecology 26:273–281.
  15. Maria, A.T., Athanasios, S.K., Eleni, K., George, P.S. and Stefanes, P.S. 2004. Responses of soil microarthropods to experimental shortterm manipulations of soil moisture. Applied Soil Ecology 29(1):17–26.
  16. Mehrafrooz-Mayvan, M., Shayanmehr, M. and Scheu, S. 2015. Depth distribution and inter-annual fluctuations in density and diversity of Collembola in an Iranian Hyrcanian forest. Soil Organism 87(3):239–247.
  17. Parwez, H. and Sharma, M.K. 2004. Dynamics of the collembolan population in two different ecotypes in a tropical reson. Bioscience Research Bulletin 20(1):27–38.
  18. Petersen, H. 2011. Collembolan communities in shrublands along climatic gradients in Europe and the effect of experimental warming and drought on population density, biomass and diversity. Soil organism 83(3):463–488.
  19. Potapov, M. (2002) Isotomidae. In: Dunger W (Ed) Synopses on Palaearctic Collembola. Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde, Görlitz.
  20. Shayanmer, M., Yahyapour, E., Kahrarian, M. and Yoosefi-Lafooraki, E. 2013: An introduction to Iranian Collembola (Hexapoda): an update to species list. ZooKeys 335:69–83.
  21. Van Gestel, C.A.M. and Van Diepen, A.M.F. 1997. The influence of soil moisture content on the bioavailability and toxicity of Cadmium for Folsomia candida Willem (Collembola: Isotomidae). Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 36:123–132.