شناسایی و بررسی خصوصیات محرک رشدی و بیوکنترلی قارچ‌های اندوفیت جدا شده از برگ و میوه پسته

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، موسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب، سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

2 دانشیار، موسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب، سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

چکیده

قارچ­های اندوفیت با سازوکارهای مختلف باعث افزایش رشد گیاه و همچنین مقاومت آن به تنش­های زنده و غیرزنده می­شوند. به این منظور جهت شناسایی قارچ­های اندوفیت درخت پسته و ارزیابی ویژگی­های محرک رشدی و بیوکنترلی آن­ها، از برگ و میوه درختان سالم پسته شهرستان رفسنجان نمونه­برداری انجام گرفت. پس از شناسایی ریخت­شناسی و مولکولی، فاکتورهای محرک رشدی از قبیل تولید اکسین، سیدروفور، حل کنندگی فسفات معدنی و فعالیت بیوکنترلی این قارچ­ها از طریق تولید کیتیناز و سیانید هیدروژن ارزیابی گردید. مقایسه میانگین داده­ها نشان داد که بیشترین میزان تولید اکسین در سطح صفر و 50 میلی­گرم در لیتر تریپتوفان به ترتیب به میزان 34/19 و 88/32 میلی­گرم در لیتر توسطTrichoderma atroviride TA2-2-1 تولید گردید. بیشترین میزان سیدروفور توسط Quambalaria cyanescens QC11-3-2  تولید شد که نسبت قطر هاله به پرگنه 96/2 بود. تنهاByssochlamys nivea BN1-1-1 قابلیت تولید حل کنندگی فسفات معدنی را داشت که نسبت قطر هاله به پرگنه 1/1 بود. بیشترین فعالیت کیتینازی به ترتیب در جدایه TH5-1-2 Trichoderma harzianum (U/mL 92/2) وT. atroviride TA2-2-1 (U/mL 34/2) مشاهده شد. گونه­هایT. atroviride TA2-2-1  و Clonostachys rosea CR2-3-1 قادر به تولید به مقدار زیاد سیانید هیدروژن (درجه 5) بودند. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Identification and Evaluation of Growth Promoting and Biocontrol Properties of Isolated Endophytic Fungi from the leaves and fruits of Pistacia vera

نویسندگان [English]

  • H. Kari Dolatabad 1
  • H. Asadi Rahmani 2
  • F. Rejali 2
1 Assistant professor, Soil and Water Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
2 Associate professor, Soil and Water Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
چکیده [English]

Endophytic fungi increase plant growth and confer stress resistance to plants  with different mechanisms. In order to identify endophytic fungiof Pistacia vera and to evaluate their growth promoting and biocontrol properties, samples were taken fromthe leaves and fruits of Pistacia vera in Rafsanjan. After morphological and molecular identification, Growth stimulating factors were evaluated by estimating auxin production, siderophore production and inorganic phosphate solubilizing activity. Biocontrol activities were evaluated based on chitinase and hydrogen cyanide production. Mean comparison of the data showed that the highest amounts of auxin at levels of 0 and 50 mg/L of tryptophan were produced with Trichoderma atroviride TA2-2-1as the amount of 19.34 and 32.88 mg/L, respectively. Quambalaria cyanescens QC11-3-2 produced the highest amount of siderophore which the ratio of the diameter of the halo zone to the colony was 2.96. Only, Byssochlamys nivea BN1-1-1had the ability to solubilize the inorganic phosphate which the ratio of the halo zone diameter to the colony diameter was 1/1. Most chitinase activities were observed by Trichoderma harzianum TH 5-1-2 (2.92 U/mL) and T. atroviride TA2-2-1 (2.34 U/mL), respectively. T. atroviride TA2-2-1 and Clonostachys rosea CR2-3-1 were able to produce the HCN. 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Chitinase
  • Endophyte
  • Hydrogen cyanide
  • Siderophore

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زیست شناسی خاک
دوره 7، شماره 1
اردیبهشت 1398
صفحه 53-71

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