پاسخ فیزیولوژیک نهال مورد (Myrtus communis L.) به تلقیح با میکروارگانیسم‌ها در شرایط تنش کم‌آبی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری علوم جنگل، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و علوم دریایی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، نور

2 استاد گروه جنگلداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، نور

3 دانشیار گروه باغبانی، پژوهشکده گیاهان دارویی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی تهران

4 دانشیار موسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

5 استاد گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس تهران

چکیده

گیاه مورد (Myrtus communis L.) که در مناطق خشک و نیمه خشک کشور پراکنش دارد، به علت ارزش­هایش در زیباسازی محیط، توسعه فضاهای سبز شهری و برون شهری، احیاء اکوسیستم‌های طبیعی و مصارف دارویی حائز اهمیت فراوانی می‌باشد. در تحقیق حاضر به منظور بررسی اثر تلقیح میکروارگانیسم­ها روی تغییرات فیزیولوژیک نهال‌های مورد (Myrtus communis L.) در شرایط تنش کم‌آبی، آزمایش گلخانه‌ای به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کامل تصادفی با 3 تکرار اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل عامل تنش کم‌آبی در سه سطح: 100 درصد ظرفیت مزرعه (بدون تنش)، 60 درصد ظرفیت مزرعه (تنش ملایم) و 30 درصد ظرفیت مزرعه (تنش شدید) و عامل تلقیح میکروبی در 7 سطح: شاهد (بدون تلقیح)، قـارچ Funneliformis  mosseae، قـارچRhizophagus intraradices ، ترکیب این دو قارچ، باکتری Pseudomonas fluorescens، باکتری P. putida  وترکیب این دو باکتری بود. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین درصد کلنیزاسیون ریشه در هر سه رژیم ‌آبی، مربوط به تیمار ترکیب دو قارچ بود طوری­که در محیط­های کم‌آبی شدید، ملایم و بدون تنش، این تیمار، به ترتیب باعث افزایش 8/17، 3/11 و 75/7 برابری کلنیزاسیون ریشه نسبت به شاهد (عدم تلقیح) شد. کم‌آبی باعث کاهش فتوسنتز، هدایت روزنه‌ای، تعرق، هدایت مزوفیلی، محتوی نسبی آب، پتانسیل آبی و افزایش کارایی مصرف آب، غلظت CO2 درون سلولی و نشت الکترولیت گردید، اما تلقیح میکروارگانیسم‌ها باعث بهبود صفات فوق شد. در کم‌آبی شدید، تیمارهای ترکیبی دو قارچ یا دو باکتری، سبب افزایش فتوسنتز (48-47 درصد)، هدایت روزنه‌ای (41-39 درصد)، تعرق (65-62 درصد) هدایت مزوفیلی (64-57 درصد)، پتانسیل آبی (21 -20 درصد)، محتوی نسبی آب (4/1 برابر)، و کاهش غلظت CO2 درون سلولی (31-28 درصد) و نشت الکترولیت (4/1 برابر) نسبت به شاهد (عدم تلقیح) شد. به طور کلی، با توجه به بهبود صفات فیزیولوژیک مشاهده شده، می­توان ابراز داشت که تلقیح میکوریزایی و باکتریایی سبب افزایش تحمل به خشکی نهال مورد در مقابل کم­آبی می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Physiological responses of common myrtle seedling (Myrtus communis L.) to multimicrobial inoculation under water deficit stress

نویسندگان [English]

  • Soghra Azizi 1
  • Masoud Tabari 2
  • Javad Hadian 3
  • ali reza Fallah 4
  • Seyed Alid Mohammad Modares Sanavi 5
1 Ph.D. Student of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modares University
2 Professor, Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University
3 Associate Professor, Institute of Medicinal Plant, Shahid Beheshti University
4 Associate Professor, Soil and Water Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO) Karaj, Iran
5 Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University
چکیده [English]

Common myrtle (Myrtus communis L.) spread in arid and semi-arid regions of Iran which it has many uses in different ways.  In order to investigation of microbial inoculation influence on the physiological changes of M. communis seedlings under water deficit conditions a greenhouse experiment as a factorial in a completely randomized design with three replications was conducted.  Water deficit consisted of 30% field capacity (FC) (severe stress), 60% FC (mild stress) and 100% FC (without stress), and microbial inoculations were including of Funneliformis  mosseae, Rhizophagus intraradices, combination of these two fungal, Pseudomonas fluorescens, P. putida, combination of these two bacteria, and also control (without inoculation). According to the results, in each water regime the highest root colonization was observed in the combination of two fungal. This treatment promoted root colonization by 17.8, 11.3 and 7.75 times in 30% and 60% and 100% of FC treatments respectively compared to the control. Microbial inoculation improved plant yield efficiency in water deficit conditions. In severe water deficit treatment, combined treatments of fungal or bacterial increased photosynthesis (47-48%), stomatal conductance (39-41%), transpiration (62-65%), mesophyll conductance (57-64%), water potential (20-21%), and relative water content (1.4 times), and decreased intracellular CO2 concentration (28-31%) and electrolyte leakage (1.4 times) compared to the control. It can be suggested that microbial inoculation can encourage drought resistance of M. communis seedlings to water deficit. 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Electrolyte leakage
  • Mycorrhizal fungus
  • Myrtus communis L. seedling
  • Photosynthesis
  • Rhizobacteria

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زیست شناسی خاک
دوره 7، شماره 2
آذر 1398
صفحه 168-180

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