کارایی حل‌کنندگی فسفات سیانوباکتری‌های جداسازی‌شده از خاک‌های شالیزاری و تأثیر آن بر جذب فسفر و عملکرد برنج

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهرکرد

2 استاد گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز

3 استاد گروه اصلاح نباتات، پژوهشکده ژنتیک و زیست‌فناوری کشاورزی طبرستان، ساری

4 استاد پژوهشکده علوم پایه کاربردی جهاد دانشگاهی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران

چکیده

فسفر، یکی از عناصر پرمصرف و ضروری برای رشد گیاهان می­باشد که اغلب خاکها ذخایر کافی آن را داشته ولی مقادیر قابل استفاده آن برای گیاهان بسیار ناچیز است. یکیازروش­هایتأمینفسفرموردنیاز برنج در شرایط شالیزار، بهره­گیری از سیانوباکتری­های حل­کننده فسفات می­باشد زیرا اغلب سویه­های این گروه باکتری، ضمن استقرار مناسب در شرایط غرقابی، توان تثبیت بیولوژیک نیتروژن نیز دارند. در این تحقیق، پس از جداسازی سیانوباکتری­ها از اراضی شالیزاری گیلان، خالص­سازی و شناسایی مورفولوژیک و مولکولی (ژن 16S rDNA) جدایه­ها، توانایی حل­کنندگی فسفات آنها ارزیابی شده و سپس سویه­های برتر برای کشت گلدانی گیاه برنج (رقم طارم هاشمی) انتخاب شدند. آزمایش گلدانی بصورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح پایه کاملاً تصادفی با چهار سطح کود نیتروژن (صفر، 23/0، 35/0و 46/0 گرم اوره در گلدان) و هفت سویه سیانوباکتری و تیمار شاهد بدون باکتری در سه تکرار اجرا گردید. نتایج شناسایی مورفولوژیک و مولکولی، سویه­های جداسازی شده را در چهار راسته Chroococcales، Oscillatoriales، Nostocales و Stigonematales طبقه­بندی نمود. سویه Anabaena sp. GGuCy-17 نسبت به بقیه سویه­ها بالاترین توان حل­کنندگی فسفات (641 میلی­گرم بر لیتر) داشت و بعد از آن سویه Cylendrospermum sp. GGuCy-25 (130 میلی­گرم بر لیتر) قرار گرفت. بیشترین عملکرد دانه (6/15 گرم در گلدان)، بیشترین میزان جذب نیتروژن (3/14 گرم در گلدان) و فسفر (08/2 گرم در گلدان) در تیمار تلقیح شده با سویه Cylindrospermum sp. GGuCy-25 حاصل گردید. این سویه را می­توان همانند سویه­های برتر در بهبود رشد و عملکرد برنج بعد از آزمایش در شرایط شالیزار در تولید کود زیستی سیانوباکتری پیشنهاد نمود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Phosphate solubilizing efficiency of cyanobacteria isolated from paddy soil and their effects on rice (Oriza sativa L.) yield and phosphorus uptake

نویسندگان [English]

  • Saheb Soodaee Mashaee 1
  • N. Aliasgharzad 2
  • Ghorbanali Nematzadeh 3
  • Neda Soltani 4
1 Assistant Professor, Dept. of Soil Science and Engineering, Shahrekord University
2 Professor of soil biology and biotechnology, Department of Soil Science, University of Tabriz
3 Professor of biotechnology, The Sari University of Agricultural and Natural Resources and Biotechnology Institute of Tabarestan, Mazandaran
4 Professor, Department of Biology, Research Institute of Applied Science, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran
چکیده [English]

Phosphorus is one of the most important and essential elements for plant growth but it is not available for plants in many soils. Inoculation of paddy soils with phosphate solubilizing cyanobacteria is an efficient procedure for supplying phosphorus for rice plants. In this study, cyanobacteria isolated from Guilan paddy fields and purified. Cyanobacteria isolates identified by using morphological characteristics and molecular techniques. Their phosphate solubilization ability was evaluated and then superior strains for rice pot planting (Tarom Hashemi cultivar) was selected. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to evaluate the selected cyanobacteria isolates. The experiment carried out in a factorial completely randomized design with four levels of nitrogen (0, 0.23, 0.45 and 0.46 g urea per pot) and seven strains of cyanobacteria and control without bacteria with three replications. The results showed that the isolates were classified into four phyla of Chroococcales, Oscillatoriales, Nostocales and Stigonematales. Anabaena sp. GGuCy-17 strain had the highest phosphate solubilizing potential (641 mg.L-1) compared to other strains, and the Cylendrospermum sp. GGuCy-25 (130 mg.L-1) was the second in this respect. The highest grain yield (15.6 g.pot-1), the highest total nitrogen (14.3 g.pot-1) and phosphorus uptake (2.8 g.pot-1) were obtained in plants inoculated with Cylindrospermum sp. GGuCy-25. After further studies in different paddy field conditions, these efficient strains could be accounted for production of cyanobacterial biofertilizers to improve rice growth and yield. 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Phosphorus uptake
  • 16S rDNA gene
  • Phosphate solubilizing cyanobacteria
  • Grain yield

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زیست شناسی خاک
دوره 7، شماره 2
آذر 1398
صفحه 211-223

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