تأثیر آلودگی کادمیم در طی زمان بر فعالیت ویژه آنزیم اوره از، تنفس و نیترات-سازی در یک خاک آهکی غنی شده با ورمی کمپوست

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی سابق کارشناسی ارشد دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد شیراز

2 استادیار دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد شیراز

3 استاد دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد شیراز

چکیده

آلودگی خاک با عناصر سنگین به­ویژه  کادمیم به دلیل پراکندگی آن در زمین­های کشاورزی امروزه مورد توجه زیادی قرار دارد. در پژوهش کنونی، اثر تیمار­های کادمیم (0، 2، 5  میلی­گرم کادمیم  بر کیلوگرم خاک) بر تنفس خاک و معدنی شدن کربن آلی به عنوان شاخص­های عمومی زیستی خاک و فعالیت ویژه آنزیم­ اوره­آز و میزان تجمع نیترات به­عنوان دو شاخص­ ویژه زیستی پس از گذشت 3، 7، 31، 62 و 93 روز در یک خاک لومی رسی شنی غنی شده با 2% ورمی­کمپوست بررسی شد. فاکتورهای آزمایشی (زمان و غلظت کادمیم) به شکل فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی در سه تکرار و در شرایط کنترل شده آزمایشگاهی انجام شد که پیش از آغاز آزمایش و آلودگی خاک­ها، خاک­ها برای دو هفته با ورمی­کمپوست برای رسیدن به تعادل زیستی خوابانیده شدند. این پژوهش نشان داد که تیمارهای کادمیم تنها بر تنفس و کربن آلی خاک پیامد داشت اما فعالیت ویژه آنزیم اوره­آز و میزان نیترات  تحت تأثیر تیمارها قرار نگرفت. از سوی دیگر، زمان خوابانیدن پیامد چشم­گیری بر فعالیت ویژه آنزیم­ اوره­آز، تنفس خاک، درصد کربن آلی و ازت نیتراتی خاک در پایه آماری 1 % داشت. ضریب همبستگی میان کادمیم و پارامترهای اندازه­گیری شده، گذشته از تنفس و معدنی شدن کربن به عنوان شاخص­های عمومی، به بی اثر بودن تیمارهای این عنصر و احتمالا اثر ویژگی­های خاک آزمایشی بر شاخص­های نیترات و فعالیت اوره­آز دلالت دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of cadmium on soil respiration, urease activity and nitrification in a vermicompost-enriched calcareous soil over time

نویسندگان [English]

  • A. Salehian 1
  • A. Kasraian 2
  • M. Vessal 3
1 Former MS Student, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz Branch
2 Assistant professor, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz Branch
3 Professor, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz Branch
چکیده [English]

Todaysoil pollution with heavy metals, especially cadmium due to its abundance in agricultural land has gained much more attention.In the present research, the effects of 0, 2 and 5 mg Cd kgˉ¹ soil were studied on soil respiration, mineralization of organic matter, urease activity and nitrification in a sandy clay loamsoil containing 2% vermicompost. Cadmium concentrations were examined in a factorial layout with a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications under laboratory conditions during 3, 7, 31, 62 and 93 days. Before starting the experiment, the soil incubated for two weeks with vermicompost to achieve consistency in biological conditions. The results showed that cadmium had significant effect on the soil respiration and soil organic matter content but it did not have any effect on the specific activity of urease and soil nitrate concentration. On the other hand, the results revealed that incubation time had a significant influence on all determined parameters including specific activity of urease, soil respiration, the organic matter content and the nitrate concentration (P ˂ 0.01). The correlation coefficient between cadmium and examined parameters showed that cadmium treatment had no effect on urease activity and nitrification process and probably other soil properties affect the nitrification and urease activity in soil sample. Our results demonstratedthat among investigated factors soil respiration and organic carbon percentage are the most sensitive ones in treated cadmium concentrations.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Cadmium
  • Urease
  • Carbon mineralization
  • Soil respiration
  • Nitrate

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زیست شناسی خاک
دوره 5، شماره 2
اسفند 1396
صفحه 137-147

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