بررسی فراوانی و تنوع زیستی بندپایان ماکروفون خاک در دو نوع پوشش گیاهی (مطالعه موردی: پارک جنگلی چغاسبز)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ایلام، ایلام، ایران

2 استادیار گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ایلام، ایلام، ایران

چکیده

در این مطالعه، فراوانی و تنوع زیستی بندپایان ماکروفون موجود در زیر دو پوشش گیاهی مختلف (بوته­های خانواده­ی گلسرخیان و درختان سوزنی­برگ) در پارک جنگلی چغاسبز (استان ایلام) مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. این تحقیق از ابتدای فروردین تا آخر شهریور سال 1394 با دو تیمار (پوشش­های گیاهی مختلف) و پنج تکرار انجام شد. هر 20 روز یک بار نمونه­های به دام افتاده در تله­های گودالی جمع­آوری و سپس شمارش و شناسایی شدند. در مجموع 4613 نمونه ماکروفون متعلق به 8 راسته و 13 خانواده از حشرات، و یک خانواده از عنکبوت­ها در طول این دوره جمع­آوری گردید. نتایج نشان داد دو خانواده‌ی Formicidae وCarabidae و دو راسته پادمان و دوبالان بیشترین فراوانی در تله­های گودالی داشتند. بین دو خانواده‌ی گیاهی رزاسه و سوزنی­برگان فقط تعداد حشرات موجود در راسته‌ی پادمان (t (138)=2.97, P=0.004 )، خانواده Carabidae (t (138)=2.93, P=0.004) و Noctuidae (t (138)=2.91, P=0.004) تفاوت معنی­داری وجود داشت و خانواده‌ها‌ی Formicidae (t (138)=0.83, P=0.406)،‌Chrysopidae (t (138)=0.103, P=0.918)، راسته‌‌های دوبالان (t (138)=1.15, P=0.253)، راست­بالان (t (138)=1.543, P=0.125)، ناجوربالان (t (138)=1.11, P=0.267)، تعدادلارو حشرات (t (138)=0.816, P=0.416) و عنکبوت­ها (t (138)=0.420, P=0.675) تفاوت معنی­داری نداشتند. بیشتر افراد راسته پادمان فقط در ماه­های فصل بهار توسط تله­های گودالی شکار شدند و در ماه­های بعدی تراکم آن‌ها به میزان قابل توجهی کاهش یافت. راسته‌ی پادمان و خانواده‌ی Noctuidae تراکم بیشتری زیر پوشش گیاهان خانواده‌ی رزاسه داشتند تا سوزنی برگان درحالیکه خانواده‌ی Carabidae تراکم بیشتری در زیر پوشش گیاهی سوزنی‌برگان داشتند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigation of Frequency and Biodiversity of Soil Macrofauna under Two Different Plant Coverages (case study: Choqasabz Forest Park, Ilam Province)

نویسندگان [English]

  • M. Mirab-balou 1
  • M. Mahmoudi 2
1 Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Ilam University, Ilam, 69315–516, Iran
2 Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Ilam University, Ilam, 69315–516, Iran
چکیده [English]

In this study, the abundance and biodiversity of the soil macrofauna under two different plants coverages (Rosaceae shrubs and conifers) were investigated using pitfall trap in Choqasabz Forest Park (Ilam province).This research was carried out from April to September 2015 with two treatments (different plants coverages) and five replications. Every 20 days, trapped specimens were collected in pitfall traps and then counted and identified. During this study, a total of 4,613 specimens were collected belonging to eight orders and 13 families of insects, and a single family of spiders. Results showed that the families Formicidae and Carabidae and orders Collembola and Diptera were the most abundant arthropods in pitfall trapps. Between Rosaceae and conifer plants, there was a significant difference in the number of insects belongs to Collembola (t(138)=2.97, P=0.004), Carabidae (t(138)=2.93, P=0.004), and Noctuidae (t(138)=2.91, P=0.004), while there was not a significant difference in the number of arthropods belongs to Formicidae (t (138)=0.83, P=0.406), Chrysopidae (t (138)=0.103, P=0.918), Diptera (t (138)=1.15, P=0.253), Orthoptera (t (138)=1.543, P=0.125), Heteroptera (t (138)=1.11, P=0.267), insect larva (t (138)=0.816, P=0.416) and spiders (t (138)=0.420, P=0.675). The most number of Collebmbola individuals were collected only in spring months and after that their density reduced considerably. Collembola and Noctuidae had significantly more density under Rosaceae than conifers while Carabidae had more densities under conifers. Arthropods have a valueble role in soil fertilization, nutrient cycling, plant production, decomposing matters in nature and regulation of other animal population. The results of this study could be useful in conservation and sustainable management of biodiversity in Choqasabz Forest Park.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Soil macrofauna
  • arthropoda
  • Pitfall trap
  • Conifers
  • Biodiversity
  • Ilam

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زیست شناسی خاک
دوره 6، شماره 2
اسفند 1397
صفحه 157-166

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