بررسی تولید بیوسورفاکتانت توسط کنسرسیوم باکتریایی جدا شده از خاک آلوده به مواد نفتی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکترای بیولوژی خاک دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

2 استاد گروه خاکشناسی دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

3 استادیار مرکز تحقیات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی مازندران

چکیده

آسنفتن، یکی از اجزای طبیعی نفت خام و ترکیبی مقاوم در برابر تجزیه و سرطانزا است. زیست پالایی که تکنیک استفاده از ریزجانداران زنده جهت تجزیه و معدنی کردن آلاینده­ها است، برای حذف آلودگی­های مقاوم محیطی نظیر آسنفتن استفاده می­شود. تجزیه کامل هیدروکربن­ها نتیجه فعالیت ترکیبی از گونه­های مختلف ریزجانداران بوده که به عنوان کنسرسیوم شناخته می­شود. از سوی دیگر، حلالیت کم آلاینده­های نفتی عامل محدود کننده زیست­پالایی است. به همین دلیل اخیراً استفاده از کنسرسیوم­های باکتریایی تولید کننده بیوسورفاکتانت، جهت افزایش دسترسی زیستی آلاینده­های نفتی، در فرآیند زیست­پالایی بسیار مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. در مطالعه حاضر، با استفاده از غنی­سازی خاک آلوده به مشتقات نفتی، باکتری­های تجزیه کننده آسنفتن جداسازی و سپس با بررسی میزان کشش سطحی محیط حاوی جدایه­ها، انواع جدایه­های باکتریایی مولد بیوسورفاکتانت غربال شدند. پس از شناسایی جدایه­ها، تجزیه آسنفتن توسط جدایه­های منفرد انتخابی، کنسرسیوم آن­ها و بیوسورفاکتا­نت­های استخراج شده از جدایه­ها در دو محیط کشت و خاک بررسی شد. نتایج نشان داد که دو جدایه AP3 و BM1 علاوه بر توانایی تجزیه آسنفتن، مولد بیوسورفاکتانت بوده و به ترتیب 2/72 و 54% و کنسرسیوم حاصل از آن­ها نیز 100% از آلاینده را در محیط محلول تجزیه می­کنند. بیوسورفاکتانت استخراج شده از جدایه AP3 در تجزیه آسنفتن مؤثرتر از بیوسورفاکتانت حاصل از جدایه BM1 عمل کرد. میزان تجزیه آسنفتن در خاک توسط جدایه AP3 و کنسرسیوم به ترتیب 7/64 و 7/75% بوده و استفاده از بیوسورفاکتانت AP3 به همراه کنسرسیوم نیز موجب تجزیه کامل آسنفتن شد. شناسایی جدایه­ها نشان داد که AP3 به میزان 100 درصد با سویه Bacillus velezensis CR-502(T) و جدایهBM1  5/99 درصد با سویهPseudomonas putida ATCC 12633 مطابقت دارد. بنابراین، استفاده از کنسرسیوم و کاربرد بیوسورفاکتانت به همراه آن، در مقایسه با تلقیح جدایه منفرد موجب بهبود تجزیه زیستی آسنفتن شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Study of Biosurfactant Production by Bacterial Consortium Isolated from Oil Contaminated Soil

نویسندگان [English]

  • sahar soleymani 1
  • Amir Lakzian 2
  • A. Fottovat 2
  • Mahmoud Reza Ramezanpour 3
1 Ph.D. student of Soil Science Department, Agricultural College, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
2 fProfessor of Soil Science Department, Agricultural College, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
3 Associated professor of Mazandaran Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center
چکیده [English]

Acenaphthene, a natural component of crude oil, is a carcinogenic compound and persistent to degradation. Bioremediation, which involves the use of living microorganisms for degradation and mineralization of contaminants, used to remove persistent contaminants such as Acenaphthene. Complete degradation of hydrocarbons is the result of different species activity that is known as a bacterial consortium. On the other hand, the low solubility of oil pollutants is a limiting factor in bioremediation. So, recently biosurfactant-producing bacterial consortia have been considered in the bioremediation to increase the bioavailability of oil contaminants. In the present study, Asenaphthene degrading bacteria were isolated by enriching the oil-contaminated soil and then, the biosurfactant-producing bacteria were screened based on the surface tension of the medium containing the isolates. After bacterial identification, degradation of Acenaphthene by isolates, consortium, and extracted biosurfactants from isolates, were investigated in the aqueous medium and soil. The results showed that both AP3 and BM1 could decompose Acenaphthene and produce biosurfactants. The AP3, BM1, and their consortium degraded 72.2%, 54%, and 100% of pollutants in the aqueous medium, respectively. The effect of biosurfactant extracted from AP3 on the degradation of Acenaphthene was more than the BM1 biosurfactant. Percentage of Acenaphthene degradation in soil by AP3 and consortium was 64.7% and 75.7% respectively, and the use of AP3 biosurfactant with the consortium led to complete degradation. 16S rRNA gene sequences of isolates showed that AP3 100% was compatible with Bacillus velezensis CR-502 (T) and BM1 99.5% was compatible with Pseudomonas putida ATCC 12633. Therefore, the use of a consortium and biosurfactants improve the biodegradation of Acenaphthene compared to inoculation of individual isolates.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Bacillus sp
  • Bioremediation
  • Hydrocarbon contamination
  • Pseudomonas sp

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زیست شناسی خاک
دوره 8، شماره 1
خرداد 1399
صفحه 55-71

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