جداسازی و شناسایی قارچ‌های حل‌کننده فسفات از خاک‌‌های شور- سدیمی (مطالعه موردی: منطقه کرفون استان مازندران)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده علوم زراعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری

2 استادیار، گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده علوم زراعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری

3 مربی، گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده علوم زراعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری

چکیده

شوری خاک فاکتور اصلی در کاهش تولید محصول مخصوصاً در نواحی خشک است. دسترسی به فسفر که یکی از عناصر پرمصرف مورد نیاز برای رشد و نمو گیاهان است در خاک‌های تحت تأثیر نمک کم می­باشد. هدف از این مطالعه جداسازی و شناسایی قارچ­های حل­کننده فسفات از خاک­های شور- سدیمی و بررسی انحلال فسفات در حضور غلظت­های مختلف نمک بود. به این ‌منظور تعداد 20 نمونه خاک ریزوسفری گیاه سالیکورنیا(Salicornia persica) از اراضی منطقه کرفون استان مازندران برداشت شد. تعداد پنج جدایه قارچ حل‌کننده فسفات با تکینک کشت بر روی پلیتNBRIP-BPB[1]  جداسازی شدند. برای بررسی تحمل جدایه‌ها به شوری، تمامی جدایه­ها در محیط­کشت جامد NBRIP-BPB حاوی غلظت­های 0، 0،50، 100، 200، 400،600، 800 و 1000 میلی مولار NaCl کشت شدند. به منظور حصول اطمینان از توانایی انحلال فسفات جدایه‌ها، کشت شش روزه جدایه‌ها در محیط کشت مایع NBRIP فاقد NaCl صورت گرفت. جدایه‌ای که بیشترین میزان فسفر را آزاد نمود برای مطالعات بیشتر در محیط­کشت مایع در حضور غلظت‌های مختلف NaCl انتخاب شد. اثر شوری بر انحلال فسفر با اعمال غلظت­های 0، 50، 100، 200، 400، 600، 800 و 1000 میلی مولار NaCl در محیط کشت مایع NBRIP در طول 15 روز انجام شد. آزمون توانایی انحلال فسفات جدایه‌ها در محیط کشت جامد در حضور غلظت‌های مختلف NaCl نشان داد تمامی جدایه‌ها قادر به تشکیل هاله تا شوری 200 میلی‌مولار  NaClبودند ولی در ادامه با افزایش شوری تا 1000 میلی مولار تنها جدایه‌های KARFUN1 و KARFUN 2توانایی انحلال فسفات را نشان دادند. در آزمون شش روزه توانایی انحلال فسفات جدایه‌ها در محیط کشت مایع، جدایهKARFUN 1 بیشترینقابلیت انحلال فسفات را نسبت به سایر جدایه‌ها داشت. انجام شناسایی مولکولی مشابهت 100 درصدی جدایه KARFUN 1را با گونه­های Aspergillus niger و Aspergillus tubingensis نشان داد. نتایج انحلال فسفات در محیط کشت مایع در حضور غلظت‌های مختلف NaCl نشان داد صرف نظر از غلظت NaCl، سویه KARFUN 1غلظت قادر به انحلال فسفات از تری کلسیم فسفات و کاهش pH محیط کشت بود. بهرحال، کمترین میزان فسفر در غلظت 1000 میلی‌مولار NaCl و بیشترین آن در تیمار شاهد حاصل شد. ماکزیمم انحلال فسفات به میزان 549 میلی‌گرم در لیتر در شوری صفر و 12 روز پس از آغاز انکوباسیون به‌دست آمد. در این زمان pH از 6 به 19/1 کاهش یافت. بهر حال، سویه KARFUN 1 توانایی انحلال فسفات را در غلظت‌های مختلف NaCl حفظ نمود به طوریکه سویه مذکور توانست میزان 224 میلی گرم در لیتر فسفر را در غلظت 1000 میلی‌مولار NaCl آزاد نماید.



[1]. National Botanical Research Institute’s phosphate growth medium- Bromo Phenol Blue

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Identification of phosphate solubilizing fungi isolated from saline-sodic soils (A Case study)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Neda Almasi Javidi 1
  • Bahi Jalili 2
  • Fardin Sadeghzadeh 2
  • Soroosh salek-Gilani 3
1 MSc student, Soil Science Department, Faculty of Crop Science, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University
2 Assistant professor, Soil Science Department, Faculty of Crop Science, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University
3 Instructor, Soil Science Department, Faculty of Crop Science, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University
چکیده [English]

Soil salinity is the main factor in reducing crop yield, especially in arid areas. The availability of Phosphorous (P), is low in salt-affected soils. The purpose of this study was to isolate and identify the phosphate solubilizing fungi from saline-sodic soils and also to investigate phosphate solubilization in the presence of different salt concentrations. For this purpose, twenty soil samples were collected from the rhizosphere of Salicornia persica. Isolation of phosphate solubilizing fungi was done by plate culture technique on National Botanical Research Institute’s phosphate growth medium- Bromo Phenol Blue (NBRIP-BPB) solid media. Phosphate solubilization was tested in the presence of 0, 50, 100, 200, 400, 600, 800, and 1000 mM NaCl during 15 days of incubation on solid media. Thereafter, the phosphate solubilizing potential of isolates was tested in 6-day experiments in broth, and the phosphate solubilizing capability was evaluated in the presence of different concentrations of NaCl. The results showed that all strains produced halo zone until NaCl concentration reached to 200 mM, but with increasing salinity, only KARFUN 1 and KARFUN 2 could solubilize phosphate. Results of the 6-day experiment in broth culture were showed that KARFUN 1 had the highest phosphate solubilization potential, so it was selected for further investigation. Molecular identification indicated that KARFUN 1 isolate had a similarity of 100% with Aspergillus. niger and A. tubingensis species. The results showed that with increasing NaCl concentration, the phosphate solubilization increased and pH decreased. The lowest and the highest phosphorous concentration was observed in 1000 and 0 mM NaCl, respectively. Irrespective of NaCl concentration, results showed that there was an increase in phosphorous solubilization during the incubation time. The maximum phosphate solubilization was achieved (549 mgL-1) after 12 days of incubation and pH reached to 1.19. However, the KARFUN1 strain was able to solubilize inorganic phosphate in different NaClconcentrations as it could release 224 mgL-1 phosphorus at 1000 mM NaCl in broth medium.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Salt tolerant
  • Aspergillus
  • Tri calcium phosphate
  • Soluble phosphorus
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