اثرات جنگل‌تراشی و نوع کاربری زمین بر برخی خصوصیات شیمیایی و میکروبی خاک در شمال ایران (مطالعه موردی: سلیم‌شیخ ساری)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش‌آموخته‌ی کارشناسی ارشد، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری

2 استادیار گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده‌ی علوم زراعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری

3 دانشیار گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده‌ی علوم زراعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری

چکیده

جنگل‌تراشی و به زیر کشت بردن اراضی جنگلی از یک سو و مدیریت نامناسب کشاورزی از سوی دیگر، دو عاملی هستند که همچنان منابع طبیعی و به ویژه خاک را به صورت جدی تهدید می‌کنند. این مطالعه به منظور بررسی اثرات جنگل‌تراشی و نوع مدیریت زمین بر برخی خصوصیات شیمیایی و میکروبی خاک در لایه‌های 10-0، 20-10 و 40-20 سانتی‌متری سه کاربری جنگل انجیلی، باغ مرکبات و مزرعه گندم در شهرستان ساری صورت پذیرفت. محتوای ماده‌ی آلی، نیتروژن کل، کربن و نیتروژن زیست‌توده‌ی میکروبی در تبدیل جنگل به مزرعه (در هر سه لایه) و باغ (در دو لایه‌ی 10-0 و 20-10 سانتی‌متری) به صورت معنی‎دار کاهش یافته بود. این کاهش در تبدیل جنگل به مزرعه و در عمق نخست، برای ماده‌ی آلی، نیتروژن کل، کربن و نیتروژن زیست‌توده‌ی میکروبی بیشترین و به ترتیب 5/35، 2/51، 7/69 و 8/59 درصد بود. فسفر قابل جذب و تنفس میکروبی در تبدیل جنگل به دو کاربری دیگر فقط در عمق 10-0 سانتی‌متری به صورت معنی‌دار کاهش یافته بود و این کاهش در تبدیل جنگل به مزرعه و در عمق نخست، 2/85 درصد برای فسفر قابل جذب و 1/35 درصد برای تنفس میکروبی بود. C/N میکروبی در تبدیل جنگل به مزرعه به صورت معنی‌دار کاهش و ضریب متابولیک میکروبی در تبدیل جنگل به دو کاربری دیگر به صورت معنی‌دار افزایش یافته بود. فعالیت آنزیمی اوره‌آز در تبدیل جنگل به هر دو کاربری و فعالیت آنزیمی فسفاتاز قلیایی فقط در تبدیل جنگل به مزرعه به صورت معنی‌دار کاهش یافته بود. نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد که تبدیل کاربری جنگل به کشاورزی باعث تغییرات خصوصیات شیمیایی و میکروبی خاک شده است که این تغییرات در تبدیل جنگل به مزرعه بارزتر بود. مهمترین دلائل این کاهش کلی در کیفیت خاک را می‌توان از یک سو برداشت محصول (در هر دو کاربری باغ و مزرعه) و از بین رفتن چرخه‌ی طبیعی و تقریباً بسته‌ی موجود در جنگل، و از سوی دیگر خاکورزی (در مزرعه) و کاربرد کود حیوانی (در باغ) به ترتیب به عنوان عوامل تشدید و تقلیل این تغییرات بیان نمود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects of deforestation and land uses on some chemical and microbial properties of soil in northern Iran (a case study: Salim Sheykh area of Sari)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hamed Moazami Goodarzi 1
  • Bahi Jalili 2
  • Mehdi Ghajar Sepanlou 3
  • Soroosh Salek-Gilani 2
1 Graduate of the master's degree, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University
2 Assistant Professor., Dept. of Soil Science, Faculty of Department of Crop Sciences, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University
3 Associate Professor., Dept. of Soil Science, Faculty of Department of Crop Sciences, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Naturl Resources University
چکیده [English]

Deforestation and poor farming practices are two factors that seriously threaten natural resources and seriously damage the soil productivity. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of deforestation and land use on some chemical and microbial properties of soil in different layers of evangelical forest, Citrus Garden and wheat farm soils in Sari township. Organic matter content, total nitrogen, carbon and nitrogen of microbial biomass were significantly reduced when evangelical forest converted to wheat farm (in all three layers) and citrus garden (in two layers of 0-10 and 10-20 cm). When evangelical forest converted to wheat farm (in first layer) organic matter, total nitrogen, carbon and nitrogen of microbial biomass were reduced 35.5, 51.2, 69.7 and 59.8%, respectively. Phosphorus availability and microbial respiration were significantly reduced when evangelical forest converted to wheat farm and citrus garden. The amount of reduction for phosphorus availability and microbial respiration were 85.2% and 35.1% respectively for the top layer of wheat farm. Microbial C/N was significantly reduced when evangelical forest transformed to wheat farm and microbial metabolic coefficient was significantly increased when evangelical forest changed to the two other land uses. The urease activity in both land use (citrus garden and wheat farm) and alkaline phosphatase activity were significantly reduced in wheat farm soils. The results of this study showed that changes in the chemical and microbial properties of the soil was more substantial when evangelical forest converted to agriculture land. The most important reasons for reduction of soil quality may be related to the harvesting (in both citrus garden and wheat farm) and the loss of the closed loop of forest, soil tillage (on the farm) and animal manure application.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Land use change
  • soil quality
  • microbial biomass
  • enzymatic activity

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زیست شناسی خاک
دوره 9، شماره 2
آبان 1400
صفحه 123-139

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