جداسازی قارچ‌های حل کننده فسفات از خاک‌های ایران و بررسی خصوصیات محرک رشد گیاهی در آن‌ها

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکترای گروه خاکشناسی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد اصفهان (خوراسگان)

2 استادیار گروه خاکشناسی، دانشگاه ازاد اسلامی واحد اصفهان (خوراسگان)

3 دانشیار مؤسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب؛ سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی

4 استادیار مؤسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب؛ سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی

چکیده

کاربرد قارچ­های حل­کننده فسفات روشی بیولوژیک و دوست­دار محیط زیست جهت افزایش فسفر قابل استفاده خاک از منابع نامحلول آن است. هدف این مطالعه دستیابی به قارچ­های حل­کننده فسفات است که قابلیت ارائه به عنوان مواد بیولوژیک افزاینده فسفر قابل استفاده خاک و بهبود دهنده رشد گیاه را داشته باشند. در ابتدا ۱۴۴جدایه قارچ­های حل­کننده فسفات  از عمق صفر تا سی سانتی­متری مزارع ذرت در استان­های فارس، کرمانشاه و خراسان رضوی در ایران جدا شد. ۲۷ جدایه بیشترین توانایی انحلال تری کلسیم فسفات را داشتند. براساس آنالیزهای مولکولی، جدایه­ها متعلق به گونه­های مختلف چهار جنس­های قارچ Aspergillus (5/7 درصد)، قارچ Talaromyces (4/44 درصد)، قارچ Penicillium (4/44 درصد) و قارچ Cladophialophora (7/3 درصد) بودند. این اولین گزارش از توانایی انحلال فسفر معدنی در جنس قارچ Cladophialophora است. بیشترین توانایی انحلال فسفر در محیط جامد را قارچ Talaromayces pinophilus جدایه MFA داشت (نسبت قطر هاله به پرگنه 11/4 میلی­متر)، در حالیکه در محیط مایع به ترتیب و بدون اختلاف معنی­دار قارچ verruculosus Talaromayces جدایه PF 157-2 (۸/۲۳ میلی­گرم در لیتر)، قارچ Talaromayces pinophilus جدایه MFA (۷۲/۲۰ میلی­گرم در لیتر)، قارچtubingensis  Aspergillus جدایه PF 140-2 (۵۰/۲۰ میلی­گرم در لیتر) و قارچ  pinophilus Talaromayces جدایه 1FB (۰۴/۲۰ میلی­گرم در لیتر). بیشترین توانایی تولید اکسین (۲/۹ میلی­گرم در لیتر) و سیدروفور (نسبت قطر هاله به پرگنه 44/4 میلی­متر) را به ترتیب قارچtubingensis  Aspergillus جدایه PF 140-2 و قارچ  pinophilus Talaromayces جدایه 1FB  نشان دادند. بیشترین مقدار سیانید هیدروژن (درجه ۴) توسط قارچ Penicillium oxalicum جدایه PF 83-1 تولید شد. این نتایج پتانسیل قارچ­های حل­کننده فسفات جدا شده از خاک­های ایران به ویژه قارچ Talaromayces pinophilus جدایه MFA، قارچ verruculosus Talaromayces جدایه PF 157-2، قارچtubingensis  Aspergillus جدایه PF 140-2 و قارچ  pinophilus Talaromayces جدایه 1FB را در کاربرد به عنوان مواد بیولوژیک افزاینده فسفر قابل استفاده خاک و بهبود دهنده رشد گیاه تأیید می­کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Isolation and evaluation of plant growth-promoting characteristics of phosphate solubilizing fungi from Iranian soils

نویسندگان [English]

  • laleh Faridian 1
  • Jila Baharlouei 2
  • ali reza Fallah 3
  • Hossein Kari Dolatabad 4
1 PhD student of Soil Science Department, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch
2 Assistant professor, Soil Science Department, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch
3 Associate professor, Soil and Water Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO)
4 Assistant professor, Soil and Water Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO)
چکیده [English]

The application of phosphate solubilizing fungi (PSF) is a biological and eco-friendly method to increase phosphorus availability from insoluble sources. The aim of this study was to obtain PSFs that can be used as biological agent in order to increase soil phosphorus and improve plant growth. Initially, 144 PSFs isolates were isolated from the soil of corn fields (0-30 cm) in Fars, Kermanshah, and Khorasan Razavi provinces, Iran. Among them, 27 isolates showed the maximum solubilizing ability of tricalcium phosphate (TCP). Based on molecular analysis, different genera were identified as Aspergillus (7.5%), Talaromyces (44.4%), Penicillium (44.4%) and Cladophialophora (3.7%). This is the first report of Cladophialophora as mineral phosphorus solubilizing agent. The maximum phosphate solubilizing ability in solid media was represented by Talaromayces pinophilus strain MFA (hallo to colony diameter is 4.11 mm), whereas this ability was manifested by Talaromayces verruculosus strain PF 157-2 (23.8 mg/l), Talaromayces pinophilus strain MFA (20.7 mg/l), Aspergillus tubingensis strain PF 140-2 (20.50 mg/l) and Talaromayces pinophilus strain FB (20.04 mg/l) in liquid media respectively. Aspergillus tubingensis strain PF 140-2 and Talaromayces pinophilus strain 1FB showed the maximum auxin (9.2 mg/l) and siderophore (ratio of halo zone diameter to colony diameter: 4.44 mm) production ability respectively. The maximum amount of hydrogen cyanide (grade 4) was produced by Penicillium oxalicum strain PF 83-1. These results confirmed that PSF especially Talaromayces pinophilus strain MFA, Talaromayces verruculosus strain PF 157-2, Aspergillus tubingensis strain PF 140-2 and Talaromayces pinophilus strain 1FB can be introduced as biological agents which could increase soil phosphorus availability and improve plant growth.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • ‌‌Plant growth promotion
  • Phosphorus availability
  • Biological agents
  • and Phosphate Solubilizing Fungi

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زیست شناسی خاک
دوره 10، شماره 2
مهر 1401
صفحه 163-176

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