تأثیر قارچ‌کش‌های سیستمیک و تماسی بر همزیستی قارچ میکوریزی Rhizophagus irregularis و صفات رویشی در دو گیاه گندم و ذرت

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار، موسسه تحقیقات خاک وآب، سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

2 استادیار، موسسه تحقیقات خاک وآب، سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی،کرج، ایران

3 دانش‌آموخته دوره دکتری رشته زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس

4 دانش‌آموخته دوره ارشد رشته بیولوژی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان

چکیده

امروزه قارچ‌کش‌ها به طور گسترده­ای به منظور جلوگیری یا از بین بردن انواع قارچ‌های بیماری‌زا مورد استفاده قرار می گیرند. لیکن کاربرد آن­ها در برخی موارد ممکن است تأثیرات مخربی بر ریزجانداران مفیدی نظیر قارچ‌های میکوریزی بر جای گذارد. قارچ­های میکوریزی پس از برقراری رابطه همزیستی، توانایی گیاه در جذب آب و عناصر معدنی و همچنین مقاومت گیاه در برابر تنش­های زنده و غیرزنده را بهبود می­بخشند. در این پژوهش تأثیر مصرف همزمان قارچ‌کش­هایی شامل بنومیل، رورال ‌تی‌اس، مانکوزب و تیلت بر اثربخشی قارچ میکوریز آربسکولار گونه Rhizophagus irregularis در رشد دو گیاه گندم و ذرت در شرایط گلخانه­ای مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. آزمایش­های گلخانه­ای در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی در پنج تیمار شامل چهار قارچ­کش و شاهد با چهار تکرار و با کشت دو گیاه گندم و ذرت انجام پذیرفت. تأثیر قارچ­کش­ها بر خصوصیات رشدی گیاه گندم (رقم چمران) و گیاه ذرت (رقم سینگل کراس 704) و رابطه همزیستی این گیاهان با قارچ R. irregularis مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که در گیاه ذرت، رورال ­تی­اس و تیلت به صورت معنی­دار درصد کلنیزاسیون ریشه نسبت به شاهد را به ترتیب از 41 درصد به 35 و 30 درصد کاهش داد. لیکن تفاوت معنی­داری نسبت به شاهد در وزن خشک ریشه و اندام هوایی گیاه ذرت مشاهده نگردید. همچنین استفاده از بنومیل و مانکوزب تفاوت معنی­داری بر درصد کلنیزاسیون ریشه و وزن خشک اندام هوایی در گیاه ذرت نداشتند. در گیاه گندم استفاده از بنومیل باعث کاهش معنی­دار درصد کلنیزاسیون ریشه از 16 به 12 درصد، وزن خشک ریشه از 0/68 به 0/59 گرم و اندام هوایی از 2/75 به 2/27 گرم گردید. در تیمار استفاده از قارچ­کش تیلت، درصد کلنیزاسیون ریشه نسبت به شاهد به میزان سه درصد افزایش نشان داد هرچند که تأثیر معنی­داری در وزن خشک ریشه و اندام هوایی و ارتفاع گیاه مشاهده نگردید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of systemic and contact fungicides effects on symbiosis of Rhizophagus irregularis and vegetative traits of wheat and corn plants

نویسندگان [English]

  • F. Rejali 1
  • hossein Kari Dolatabad 2
  • Marzieh Safari 3
  • Fahimeh Fazlikhani 4
1 Associate professor, Soil and Water Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
2 Assistant professor, Soil and Water Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
3 Agronomy Department of TarbiatModares University, Tehran, Iran
4 Graduated M.Sc. student, Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Today, fungicides are widely used to prevent or eradicate a variety of pathogenic fungi, but in some cases their use has destructive effects on beneficial microorganisms such as mycorrhizal fungi. Mycorrhizal fungi are among the beneficial microorganisms used in the production of biofertilizers. After mycorrhizal symbiosis, plant features included water and nutrient uptake as well as plant resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses improve. These microorganisms are also used to control soil pathogens. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of concomitant use of fungicides including benomyl, roralthias, mancozeb and Tilt on the effectiveness of R irregularis in both wheat and corn plants under greenhouse conditions. The experiments were designed as a completely randomized design with five treatments and four replications. The effect of fungicides on the growth characteristics of wheat (Chamran cultivar) and corn (Zeamays, Single Cross 704) and their symbiosis relationship with R. irregularis were investigated. The results showed that the effectiveness of mycorrhizal fungus application was not affected by the concomitant use of fungicides. The application of fungicides also improved some growth characteristics in wheat and corn, although in most cases the differences with the control treatment were not significant. In general, two milliliters per liter of Tilt for wheat and two grams per liter of benomyl for corn can be recommended when using R. irregularis inoculum at the same time

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Biofertilizer
  • Fungicide
  • Mycorrhizal symbiosis
  • Root colonization
  • Rhizophagus irregularis
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