پیامد کاربرد پادزیست‌های آموکسی‌سیلین، سفیکسیم و مترونیدازول بر فراوانی و سوخت و ساز باکتری‌ها در خاک‌های آلوده و ناآلوده به فلزهای سنگین

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه خاکشناسی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران

2 دانشگاه بوعلی سینا

چکیده

هدف ازاین ‌پژوهش بررسی پیامد سه ‌پادزیست پرکاربرد آموکسی‌سیلین، سفیکسیم و مترونیدازول بر ویژگی‌های ‌زیستی چون تنفس‌پایه و برانگیخته، و شمار همه ‌باکتری‌ها درخاک‌های ‌‌آلوده و ناآلوده به فلزهای‌‌ سنگین است. آزمایش با طرح کامل ‌تصادفی به ‌گونه‌ فاکتوریل با سه‌ تکرار انجام ‌شد. فاکتورهای این‌ پژوهش، خاک در سه ‌گونه (خاک ‌آلوده‌ معدن، خاک‌ چراگاه ‌نزدیک ‌معدن و خاک ‌ناآلوده‌ کشاورزی)، پادزیست در هفت ‌تیمار (گواه ‌بدون ‌پادزیست، آموکسی‌سیلین، سفیکسیم و مترونیدازول هریک به‌اندازه 100و200میلی‌گرم ‌درکیلوگرم خاک‌خشک) و زمان در سه‌ بازه (گرماگذاری ‌کوتاه‌ مدت (صفر تا7 روز)، میان ‌مدت ( 15و  30روز) و بلندمدت (60و90روز)) بودند. یافته‌های این‌پژوهش نشان ‌داد که دربازه ‌زمانی میان‌ مدت، کاربرد  200میلی‌گرم ‌در کیلوگرم ازپادزیست‌های آموکسی‌سیلین در خاک‌ کشاورزی و مترونیدازول در خاک ‌معدن، به ‌دنبال‌ هم بیش‌ترین (4958/8) و کم‌ترین (4594/4) لگاریتم ‌فراوانی همه ‌باکتری‌های خاک را نشان ‌دادند. خاک ‌چراگاه در گرماگذاری ‌کوتاه ‌مدت بیش‌ترین‌ اندازه تنفس‌پایه (1066/0میلی‌گرم دی‌اکسیدکربن در گرم خاک‌ خشک در روز) و خاک ‌کشاورزی در هر دو بازه‌ زمانی بلند‌مدت (0144/0) و میان‌مدت (0172/0) کم‌ترین‌اندازه تنفس‌پایه را داشت. کاربرد 100میلی‌گرم مترونیدازول در کیلوگرم خاک‌ چراگاه دربازه‌ زمانی کوتاه‌مدت بیش‌ترین ‌اندازه تنفس ‌برانگیخته خاک (0251/0 میلی‌گرم دی‌اکسیدکربن در گرم خاک‌ خشک در ساعت) و کاربرد 100میلی‌گرم آموکسی‌سیلین در کیلوگرم خاک‌ کشاورزی دربازه‌ زمانی میان‌مدت کم‌ترین تنفس‌ برانگیخته خاک (0027/0) را نشان‌ داد. به ‌بیان ‌دیگر می‌توان‌ گفت خاک‌ کشاورزی بیش‌ترین‌ فراوانی باکتری‌ها و خاک‌ معدن بیش‌ترین ‌اندازه تنفس ‌برانگیخته را نشان ‌داد. خاک ‌چراگاه بیش‌ترین ‌اندازه تنفس‌پایه را داشت و با خاک‌ کشاورزی در فراوانی باکتری‌ها و خاک ‌معدن در اندازه تنفس ‌برانگیخته ناهمانندی معنی داری نداشت. خاک‌ معدن کم‌ترین ‌فراوانی باکتری‌ها و خاک‌ کشاورزی کم‌ترین ‌اندازه تنفس‌پایه و برانگیخته را نشان داد. کاربرد مترونیدازول بیش‌ترین ‌اندازه تنفس‌پایه و برانگیخته، و کم‌ترین ‌فراوانی باکتری‌ها را در پی‌‌داشت. کاربرد آموکسی‌سیلین و سفیکسیم به‌ دنبال ‌هم بیش‌ترین ‌فراوانی باکتری‌ها و کم‌ترین ‌اندازه تنفس‌ برانگیخته رانشان ‌داد. گرماگذاری دربازه‌زمانی کوتاه‌ مدت بیش‌ترین ‌اندازه‌های تنفس ‌پایه و برانگیخته راداشت. بیش‌ترین‌ فراوانی باکتری‌ها و کم‌ترین‌اندازه تنفس ‌برانگیخته در زمان میان ‌مدت دیده‌ شد. بازه ‌زمانی بلندمدت کم‌ترین ‌فراوانی باکتری‌ها و کم‌ترین‌اندازه‌ی تنفس‌پایه را نشان ‌داد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The consequence of Amoxicillin, Cefixime, and metronidazole application on abundance and metabolism of bacteria in uncontaminated and heavy metal-contaminated soils

نویسندگان [English]

  • ziba najafzadeh nobar 1
  • ali akbar safari sinegani 2
1 Soil Science College of Agriculture Bu-Ali University Hamadan Iran
2 Soil Science College of Agriculture Bu-Ali Sina University Hamadan Iran
چکیده [English]

This study aimed to investigate the effect of Amoxicillin, Cefixime, and Metronidazole on some biological properties such as basal respiration, substrate-induced respiration, and bacterial abundance in uncontaminated and heavy metal-contaminated soils. The experiment has performed with a completely randomized factorial design with three replications. Factors include three soil types (heavy metal contaminated mine soil, rangeland soil near mine, and agricultural soil), seven antibiotic treatments (control, Amoxicillin, Cefixime, and Metronidazole, each one 100 and 200 mg per kg of dry soil) and three incubation times: short-time (zero-7 days), medium-time (15 and 30 days) and long-time (60 and 90 days)). The results showed that in the medium time, the application of 200 mg.kg-1 of antibiotics amoxicillin in agricultural soil and metronidazole in mine soil, resulted in the highest (8.4958) and lowest (4.4594) logarithm of the abundance of all soil bacteria. Rangeland soil had the highest basal respiration amount (0.1066 mg CO2. g-1dry soil. day-1) in short-time incubation, and agricultural soil had the lowest basal respiration amount in both long-time (0.0144) and medium-time (0.0172). The use of 100 mg of metronidazole per kg of rangeland soil in the short time resulted in the highest amount of substrate-induced respiration (0.0251 mg CO2. g-1 dry soil. h-1) and the use of 100 mg of amoxicillin per kg of agricultural soil in the medium incubation time resulted in the lowest substrate-induced respiration (0.0027). It seems that agricultural soil showed the highest abundance of bacteria and mine soil showed the highest amount of substrate-induced respiration. Rangeland soil had the highest amount of basal respiration and there was no significant difference with agricultural soil in the abundance of bacteria and mine soil in the amount of substrate induced respiration. Mine soil showed the lowest abundance of bacteria and agricultural soil showed the lowest amount of basal and substrate induced respiration. The application of metronidazole resulted in the highest amount of basal and substrate induced respiration, and the lowest abundance of bacteria. The application of amoxicillin and Cefixime showed the highest abundance of bacteria and the lowest amount of substrate induced respiration, respectively. Incubation in a short time had the highest amount of basal and substrate induced respiration. The highest abundance of bacteria and the lowest amount of substrate induced respiration were observed in the medium time. The long-time incubation showed the lowest abundance of bacteria and the lowest basal respiration amount.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Antibiotic
  • Bacterial Abundance
  • Basal and Substrate Induced Respiration

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زیست شناسی خاک
دوره 10، شماره 2
مهر 1401
صفحه 193-213

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