تنوع گونه ای قارچ‌های میکوریز آربوسکولار در کاربری‌های طبیعی و زراعی و رابطه آنها با خصوصیات خاک در جنگل‌های زاگرس

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 هیات علمی/ دانشگاه ایلام

2 دکتری علوم زیستی جنگل، دانشگاه ایلام

3 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد علوم جنگل، دانشگاه ایلام

4 دانشیار گروه علوم جنگل، دانشگاه ایلام

چکیده

این تحقیق به منظور بررسی تنوع گونه­ای قارچ­های آربوسکولار همزیست در کاربری­های جنگل طبیعی بلوط، جنگل دست­کاشت پهن­برگ، جنگل دست کاشت سوزنی­برگ، زمین زراعی و مرتع در رویشگاه لنه، شهرستان چرداول در استان ایلام انجام گرفت. بدین منظور از هر کاربری در عمق­های 5-0 و 15-5 سانتی­متری خاک به طور تصادفی پنج نمونه ترکیبی خاک برداشت شد و خصوصیات خاک و قارچ­های میکوریزی این نمونه­ها مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. جهت استخراج قارچ از روش الک مرطوب و شیب غلظت ساکاروز استفاده شد. همچنین شناسایی آنها بر اساس صفات مورفولوژیکی اسپور نظیر شکل، رنگ، اندازه، تعداد لایه دیواره، ضخامت لایه­های دیواره و شکل ریسه انجام گرفت. در مجموع 19 گونه قارچ میکوریزی متعلق به هشت جنس Glomus، Acaulospora، Claroideoglomus، Rhizophagus، Septoglomus، Dentiscutata، Paraglomus،  Entrophospora شناسایی شد. نتایج نشان داد که تنوع زیستی قارچ­های میکوریز آربوسکولار و فراوانی اسپور قارچ­ها در کاربری­های مختلف متفاوت است (p<0.05). بیشترین میانگین تراکم جمعیت اسپور به ترتیب مربوط به جنگل طبیعی (78/12)، جنگل­کاری پهن برگ (66/28) و مرتع (57/48) و کمترین آن مربوط به زمین زراعی (50/96) و جنگل­کاری سوزنی­برگ (28/16) بود. همچنین مشخص شد که غنای قارچ­های همزیست در جنگل طبیعی (16/6) و مرتع (15/8) بیشترین و در کاربری زراعی (11/6) و جنگل­کاری سوزنی برگ (14/4) کمترین بود. شاخص­های تنوع شانون­وینر و سیمپسون در کاربری­های جنگل طبیعی، مرتع و جنگل­کاری­ها به طور معنی­داری از کاربری زمین زراعی بیشتر بود. بر اساس نتایج تحقیق، اختلاف معنی­داری بین دو عمق 5-0 و 15-5 سانتی­متری در تراکم اسپور و شاخص­های تنوع گونه­ای وجود ندارد (p>0.05). نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که تغییر کاربری جنگل بر تنوع و فراوانی قارچ­های میکوریزی همزیست تاثیر منفی دارد. بنابراین توصیه می­گردد برای حفظ این جوامع، جنگل­های طبیعی تحت حفاظت بیش­تری قرار گیرند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Biodiversity of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Natural and Agricultural Land and their relationship with soil properties in Zagros Forest

نویسندگان [English]

  • javad mirzaei 1
  • nahid jaafarian 2
  • monire jafari 3
  • jafar hoseinzadeh 4
2 ilam university
3 ilam university
4 ilam university
چکیده [English]

This study was carried out in order to investigate the biodiversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in natural oak forest, broad-leaved plantation, needle-leaved plantation, agricultural and rangeland land uses in Lene habitat, Chardavol city, Ilam province. For this purpose, five mixed soil samples were randomly collected from each land use at soil depths of 0-5 and 5-15 cm and the characteristics of soil and AMF were investigated. Wet sieving and sucrose method were used to extract AMF and their identification was done based on spore morphological characteristics such as shape, color, size, number of wall layers, thickness of wall layers and hypha shape. Totally 19 AMF species belonging to eight genera including Glomus, Acaulospora, Claroideoglomus, Rhizophagus, Septoglomus, Dentiscutata, Paraglomus, Entrophospora were identified. The results showed that spores abundance and biodiversity of AMF were different in different land uses. The highest spore density was related to natural forest (78.12), broadleaf forestry (66.28) and pasture (57.48), and the lowest was related to agriculture (50.96) and needle-leaved plantation (28.16). It was also found that the abundance of symbiotic AMF was the highest in the natural forest (16.6) and rangeland (15.8) and the lowest in the agricultural (11.6) and needle-leaved plantation (14.4) land uses. Shannon-Weiner and Simpson's diversity indices in natural forest, rangeland and plantation were significantly higher than agricultural land use. According to the results, there was no significant difference between the two depths of soil samples in spore density and biodiversity indices. The results also showed that the change in land use had negative effect on the diversity and abundance of symbiotic AMF. Therefore, to preserve biodiversity of AMF, it is recommended that natural forests be under more protection.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Needle-leafed
  • Arbuscular Mycorrhizal fungi
  • Plantation
  • Natural forest
  • Ilam

مراجع

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زیست شناسی خاک
دوره 11، شماره 1
شهریور 1402
صفحه 47-62

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